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The Saint Benedict Medal is a Christian sacramental medal containing symbols and text related to the life of Saint Benedict of Nursia, used by Roman Catholics, as well as Anglicans, Lutherans, Methodists and the Western Orthodox, in the Benedictine Christian tradition, especially votarists and oblates.〔''Catholic Saints Prayer Book'' by Donna-Marie Cooper O'Boyle 2008 ISBN 1-59276-285-9 pages 18-19〕〔''The Medal or Cross of St. Benedict'' by Prosper Gueranger ISBN 1-930278-21-7 pages viii and 51〕 The medal is one of the oldest and most honored medals used by Christians and due to the belief in its power against evil is also known as the "devil-chasing medal".〔Ann Ball, 2003 ''Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices'' ISBN 0-87973-910-X pages 350-351〕 As early as the 11th century, it may have initially had the form of Saint Benedict's cross, and was used by pope Leo IX.〔 The reverse side of the medal carries the ''Vade retro satana'' ("Step back, Satan") formula which has been used by Christians to ward off evil since the 15th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Catholic encyclopedia )〕 Sometimes carried as part of the rosary, it is also found individually. In widespread use after its formal approval by pope Benedict XIV in the 18th century, the medal is used by Roman Catholics to ward off spiritual and physical dangers, especially those related to evil, poison, and temptation.〔〔 == History == The exact time and date of the making of the first Saint Benedict Medal are not clear, however, it is likely that may have initially had the form of a cross.〔 Catholic tradition holds that as a young Benedictine, the future Pope Leo IX attributed his recovery from a snake bite to that cross.〔 After becoming pope in 1049, Leo IX enriched the St. Benedict cross to the form of a medal, and gave it blessings and indulgences.〔 Saint Vincent de Paul, who died in 1660, appears to have been acquainted with the Medal and the Sisters of Charity founded by him have worn it attached to their rosary beads.〔(Order of St. Benedict )〕 The medal was formally approved by Pope Benedict XIV in 1741.〔 The medal in its traditional design was in use for many decades〔http://www.liturgialatina.org/benedictine/stbenmedal.htm〕 and is in use also today.〔http://medalik-krzyz-sw-benedykta.blogspot.com〕 Then the Jubilee medal was struck in 1880, in remembrance of the 1400th anniversary of St. Benedict’s birth. The initials of the ''Vade retro satana'' formula have been found on Saint Benedict Medals at least since 1780.〔''Journal of the British Archaeological Association'', 1858, page 280〕 The letters found on the back of the medal, had remained a mystery until they were related to a manuscript dating back to 1415 was found at Metten Abbey in Bavaria in 1647. The manuscript contains the first recorded use of the exorcism formula ''Vade retro satana'' ("Step back, Satan"), and the letters were found to correspond to this phrase.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint Benedict Medal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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